<b>Cross-Border knowledge pipelines and innovation performance of chinese firms: evidence from Zhangjiang in Shanghai</b>

Abstract It is increasingly emphasized that firms’ innovation depends on external knowledge interaction in the field of economic geography. Global linkages and plays crucial role gaining competitive advantage for firms developing countries because their immature systems, inspiring a wide academic interest around cross-border pipelines. However, existing literature has been silent about type which employ pipelines neglects potential importance firm’s ownership this process. Using 2015 survey micro-data 4685 Chinese Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone, we investigate how different types indicated by foreign R&amp;D investment returnees influence innovation. The research highlights positive effects patent innovation, while exerts negative product Moreover, there exists complementary relation between facilitating State negatively affects relationship